The Sun Also Rises [I Cannot Express To You How Glad I Am That I Am Ta

The Sun Also Rises [I can't communicate to you how happy I am that I am taking this class. I am completely appreciating Hemingway. The Sun Also Rises is perhaps the best book I've perused in a serious long time. For some time there, I was, for God realizes what reason, taking Physics and Chemistry and Biology. It is actually an undertaking to be back with books and words and perusing. I am likewise flabbergasted that I never could peruse a greater amount of Him when it wasn't a task. Furthermore, how could it be that when I am advised to state a 3-5 page exposition I can just come through with more than two, yet a one-page reaction consistently needs to be twenty pages long?] I completed the process of perusing SAR around ten o'clock this evening. I could have taken it across the board huge swallow when I started seven days back, yet I was unable. It needed me to bring it out gradually, so I regularly ended up understanding five or ten pages and laying it aside to assimilate without overwhelming. A man becomes acclimated to perusing Star Wars and mash fiction and New York Times Bestsellers and overlooks what writing is until it smacks him in the face. This book was composed, not produced or word-prepared. Once more, I completely appreciated perusing. I never saw it until it was raised in class, perhaps on the grounds that it wasn't a point for me In Our Time, however He doesn't frequently enough acknowledge citations for, ,he said, or, ,said Brett, or, ,Bill answered. In SAR it stood and pointed out itself. I wasn't especially annoyed by His not disclosing to me who said what, yet it was very...pointed. I originally saw around the hundredth page or thereabouts. At that point I understood I was unable to monitor who was talking. By not harping on it, however, kind of (hate to state this) tolerant it, I figured out how to relegate discourse to whomever I felt was talking. Steadily I came to appreciate it, in another plane of perusing, making sense of from whom wo rds were starting. To not see it, as though it were one of those irritating 3-D banners that you can't see until you put forth a purposeful attempt not to attempt to see, got basic - much like those 3-D pictures are once you recognize what not to search for. (I despise finishing sentences with prepositions...) His not recounting was increasing to the story. It made things come considerably increasingly alive. As a discussion that you're hearing at a close by table in a café, the trades streamed, with me as a more uninvolved peruser than in a story written to be perused rather than lived. It has consistently been disturbing for me to peruse a book with the information that there are things I should be getting, yet not exactly. The fish in the pools and the purposeful anecdote and similarity and imagery aren't attached to me. Attempting to see that the matadors and their immaculateness or need and how it identifies with Him as an author encompassed by a vast expanse of new fiction pr inted for the general population, that is all fine and well. The short sentences, the absence of qualifying, he saids and she saids and such, the deplorability of his adoration for Brett, those are the things I appreciate perusing. Those are the reasons I read and the reasons a man like Him composes. There are more unusual things, Horatio...or something to that effect. I trust Paul Simon read Hemingway eventually in his life. Stillcrazymotherandchildreunionreneandgeorgettemagrittewith... It is a decent book. I was shocked that more was not given to the bulls. The whole story was prompting it, and afterward it was done and they were no more. Powerful they were nevertheless passing. I need to go currently, obviously, to Pamplona, as I'm certain each and every individual who peruses does subsequent to wrapping up. It is likely terrrrrrrible now with touristas and Coke and Nike all around, yet I wager still excellent. A man was murdered for the current year, did you know?

The Face of the Other Essay -- Culture Cultural Ideology Essays

The Face of the Other Everything seen will be seen with the assistance of the Others. During childbirth, we are tossed into a particularity of culture that is strange to us. We are inundated in this culture and the systems of belief systems involved by culture that characterize the world in light of the fact that there is an establishing for the chance of philosophy that lies not just in our reality of a subject with Others, yet additionally in the way that culture, as a type of presence with Others, shows importance and comprehension. Despite the fact that we are tossed into culture, we can't remember us as creatures outsider to the social procedure itself, there is an early stage moral obligation that our reality with the Others calls forward. Culture emerges at a similar second it scatters, it is continually being remolded by the people that participate in their everydayness as subjects. Usually comprehend, culture is the results of a given society. Worth is alloted to these items through their verifiable connection to the disintegrating system of creation that we call ‘culture’. Shared traits in characters of Others start to emerge exponentially as people experience various encounters. There are a few shared characteristics inside the entirety of our characters, and a greater amount of these shared traits the particular subjectivities inside a culture, these social codings are the way the Others characterize one another. Culture is kept up and continued through people. In any case, would could it be that keeps up comparable subjectivities among one another, comprising us as neighbors? The term most promptly accessible in English would need to be â€Å"ideology†. Belief system works using language as it transmits culture; it goes about as a precise assortment of ideas that violates into an individual not just th... ...explanatory language as belief system. A similar arrangement of implications that characterizes the earthly world influences we all generally similarly. The entirety of our gathering is gotten into our manners of thinking through the equivalent â€Å"ideological† process as our experience with language. It is ideological in that the components are gotten in general, as a deliberate collection of creatures. To get the plenum of components is to get a belief system of sorts. Furthermore, this gathering is basic to ourselves as Visions, as watching out and understanding the world. There is a distinction between the acknowledgment of the implications in language and the acknowledgment of substance on the planet. Be that as it may, this is gone before by an acknowledgment and a dream. Legendary social structures imagined by sociologists are words and just words. Philosophy and language are indistinguishable; they emerge and connect with us experientially.

Fran Sancisco and Spother Oonerisms

Fran Sancisco and Spother Oonerisms This all starts with a minister by the name of William Archibald Spooner, who  Wikipedia  advertises as notable for absent-mindedness. This from the first sentence of the introduction, where Obama is noted as the 44th President of the United States and Beyonce is identified as an American singer. Spooner was particularly plagued by a tendency to swap syllables between adjacent words, often to comedic effect. An inattentive student had tasted a whole worm (wasted a whole term); our Lord was a shoving leopard (loving shepherd); an efficient machine ran like a well-boiled icicle (a well-oiled bicycle); and so on. These became known as spoonerisms (or  oonerspisms for the similarly absent-minded), and at this rate may well outlive the legacies of either Obama or Beyonce. Spoonerisms are deathly contagious. As soon as someone sarts stopping swyllables, snoonerisms speak into speveryones eech. Please hend selp; Im luck thike stis. Anyway, Ive been living in Fran Sancisco this summer with (a sizable crew of) seven other MIT students (almost all 17s, with real jobs at serious companies) while interning at a startup. Interning in SF is a sort of rite of passage for computer science students, and Id spent both previous summers UROPing on campus, so I was hyped to explore the world beyond the MIT bubble. So this is me, reporting live from outside the bubble. The weather here is Weird. Sometimes it feels more like an MIT campus than the MIT campus does: brass rats at Taco Bell, HackMIT shirts in Starbucks, or class swag on the CalTrain dont even surprise me anymore. Everyone seems to know everyone and strangers at parties are never more than one degree of separation away. Other times its distant and foreign people talk about schools and GPAs and SAT scores and about equity and revenue and seed rounds. Introductions are a little too scripted and startup pitches a bit too rehearsed, and youre never certain if an event is casual or a networking opportunity because so many people dont make that distinction. Hacking means growth hacking. Worse, I feel a strange pressure to somehow justify my very existence: without significant evasive maneuvering, every conversation drifts gravitationally toward So what do you do? a standard formality, extended as a courtesy, as if I was a priori waiting to deliver my spiel but somehow couldnt find an opening. And then Im trapped, stammering through explaining my internship while dreaming of lost opportunities to talk about literally anything that someones genuinely passionate about. (Ive become pretty desperate to avoid this. Things to do when you become desperate include: Lie. I steal Incan matrimonial headmasks. Lie again. To combat the increasingly popular company LetsEncrypt, Ive started a company called LetsDecrypt, where instead of advocating for https adoption we go around telling people theyre fine with Windows XP. Lie again, but toe the line of reason. Im applying to YC with Doggylexa, which is an Amazon Echo strapped to your dogs collar, so that it seems like your dog answers your questions. Also your dog is harder to get angry with. These work with varying degrees of success.) I hoped to enjoy SF, but in too many ways its only highlighted what I loved about the MIT. Certainly not everyones like this, not every So what do you do? carries such one-dimensional expectation, Ive met many genuinely passionate people here, and Ive only been around for two months so Im not in any position to pass real judgement. But despite high expectations Ive found myself really, really missing home. It turns out that the MIT bubble so often blogged about is both a weakness and an incredible treasure. Inside the bubble were all the same all MIT students all human beings. There are no positions or promotions or even expectations. Youre free to change what you do, or to do as many things as you want. MITs currency is ideas and passion and curiosity, and thats only possible in radical isolation from a world that runs on literal dollars. In other news: Choud Clambers are a kind of darticle petector that let you see cosmic rays from space, and you can make them at home! I am not making this up. You need a steep temperature gradient (e.g. dry ice and a 400-degree cookie sheet) and a heavy vapor (e.g. alcohol) and an insulated chamber (e.g. an aquarium). (this all transpired with some friends at Topos House  in south SF, for whom this is apparently not particularly new or exciting) So theres dry ice below, cookie sheet above, and felt pieces soaked in alcohol pinned to the top of the aquarium. The alcohol diffuses downward and piles up at the bottom in a cloud of supersaturated vapor. Supersaturated vapor is really unstable so when its disturbed by a charged particle passing through, a little trail of condensation forms in its wake. This is all platantly blagiarized from Wikipedia; I understand very little of the funderlying isics. (actual cosmic rays from space are hard to see (although we saw some!) so there are a couple thoriated welding rods (98% tungsten, 2% thorium the thorium is just a little bit radioactive) that give off much more visible radiation at the bottom) It also turns out that you can make a homemade fog machine by boiling Glycerin (found at CVS as a laxative) and water over a stove. Laser line modules optional but highly recommended.   (my roommate, Kevin 17: caption contest in the comments) Post Tagged #San Francisco

The Theory Of The World - 1270 Words

The concept of ‘the world’ is significant as one’s interaction with the world could be either demanding or perhaps obstructive (Giles, 1982), as an adolescent’s interaction with the world are formed around loss and defeat (Giles, 1982). This idea of defeat and loss can cause much trauma for the adolescent, resulting in feelings of worthlessness, rejection and loneliness. The last fold of the triad is ‘the future’. Beck (1967) alludes to the idea that a depressed individual’s thoughts about the future embody those of negative experiences (Giles, 1982). This notion can be seen in the life of adolescents as they may have encountered a previous event in which they have struggled with, perhaps in early childhood, now directly impacting their performance in every day life and the future. The concept of the future can be hard to change or alter as the depressed person may find it hard to look so far ahead or to work for change and improvement. A sense of future outlooking can put a direct strain on the adolescent, potentially causing suicidal thoughts due to feelings of hopelessness and a sense of pessimism (Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., Trexler, L., 1974). There can be unrealistic perceptions of ‘the future’ as the individuals may have previously fixated on the past and the present. It has only been in recent years that the idea of depression in adolescence has been acknowledged. Anna Freud is seen as a pioneer in her own right when compared to her father SigmundShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of The World1067 Words   |  5 Pagessuch dilemmas, one such philosopher was Democritus. Democritus was the Greek philosopher who came up with the concept of the Atom. It was this theory that won him his fame, but because of the stigma against it, the Atom would not be accepted in the scientific community until the 16th century. It wouldn’t be until John Dolton in the 18th century that the theory would receive the attention it deserved. Democritus was born in 460 B.C.E, in Abdera, a Greek city on the northern coast of the Aegean Sea,Read MoreWorld Systems Theory And The World System Theory2381 Words   |  10 Pages World System Theory unrelated former is logical theories which granted customary photographs of collective change with appropriate focal point at the collect level world system theory. World System Theory that there is a universe industrial arrangement in which some homelands gain during the time remains are over worked. World System Theory is like colony philosophy recommends that having it made that each community help from other community’s and maneuver those community’sRead MoreWorld Systems Theory2933 Words   |  12 PagesThere are different theories that relate to the global economy. One of these theories is the world systems theory, which was developed by Wallerstein. This theory acts as a model that describes all the changes that resulted in shaping the world into what it is today. Its focus is specifically on the changes that took place in Western Europe a few centuries ago during a period of significant economic development. The world systems theory saw the division of the world into some three parts, which areRead MoreEthical Theories Of The Business World Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pages2. Two ethical theories, which Instagram failed to comply with in deciding to change its terms of services. Ethics Ethics can be portrayed as the essential, composed examination of how we should act — particularly, how we should urge the journey for self-interest when our exercises impact others. Business Ethics can be characterized as the essential, composed examination of how people and associations should bear on in the domain of exchange. In particular, it incorporates examining appropriateRead MoreThe World Of Politics And Political Theory1717 Words   |  7 Pageshave contributed to the world of politics and paved the way for our modern day government. Not only have they built up a forum for how policymaking is organized and overall studied, they have also illuminated new ways to carry out our judicial systems. Two of the major component thinkers that attributed to the growth of politics as a whole were Aristotle and Plato. These two philosophers not only presented new theories but also changed how legislation is viewed by the world and potential lawmakersRead MoreMarxs Theory of Wo rld Politics629 Words   |  3 Pages Marxs Theory of World Politics Because Karl Marxs view of humanity and society was centered around economics, his theory of world politics was also built on an economic foundation. In Marxs view, all human interaction could be reduced to the production and exchange of material wealth, and this included politics on both the national and international levels. Marxs idea of politics was centered on the relationships of dependence that develop in market economics most importantly, the relationshipRead MoreLeadership Theory Of The Western World1606 Words   |  7 Pagespopular concept of the western world during XX. Century era. The most dominant reason for leadership to be more important was the growing world economy after the industrial revolution. Management and it`s problems of organizations which began after the industrial revolution; has brought to the stage that period of classical theorists who Taylor, people like Fayol. After the 1990s, developments in this area summit increased and new leadership and organi zational theories, approaches in the field. ItRead MoreTheories Of The Medi The World Of Wikipedia1809 Words   |  8 PagesEmily Blake 7706716 CMN2160 B Theories of the Media The username I have created for the purpose of this assignment is EmilyBlake1296. As my contribution to the world of Wikipedia, I have added information on the Wikipedia page for the International Women’s Fraternity Delta Delta Delta. I have added information to topics like Philanthropy, Leadership, Significant Insignia and Hazing. I have provided a copy of what I have written below. I have also made minor corrections to spelling and grammarRead MoreMarxist Theory Of The Modern World1777 Words   |  8 Pagesknowledge based on this, or to explore critical alternatives and further neo-Marxist theory of the modern world. Firstly I would like to introduce how the construct of knowledge is often casually defined by understanding an object though learning facts about it rather than having empirical experience of it. Ideas of knowledge circulate around the intake of exterior information, linking to the way that Marxist theory argues that ideology is implemented in and manipulates society. Throughout Marx’sRead MoreSociological Theories on Education in the World2078 Words   |  9 PagesSociological Theories on Education in the World Judy Davis SOC 101 Allen Lipscomb March 1, 2010 Sociological Theories on Education in the World There are many different sociological theories on education in America and other parts of the world. Throughout the history of education, the institution has served both economic as well as political needs. Both of these needs have also dictated the function of education. â€Å"Throughout the world, education has become a vast and complex social institution

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Susan B Anthony

Susan B Anthony once said, â€Å"Men, their rights, and nothing more; women, their rights, and nothing less. For decades now, our society has been dealing with gender inequality. Most men wouldn’t care about this issue because their lives aren’t being impacted by this. Women have been, and are still facing discrimination against their gender. The inequality negatively influences a woman’s life at home, school, and at work. It also limits the things that they are capable of doing and it violates their human rights. Compared to how it was back then, there has been a great amount of change in our society, but men are still preferred over women in most situations. In society, there are usually certain expectations of men and women and there are certain ways that both genders do things. A major novel that we read for HWOC was The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The main themes for this book were racism and slavery, but once we talked about the book in details, we realized there were also a few pieces of evidence of gender inequality. When Huck was pretending to be a girl named Sarah Williams in order to cover his identity, he was sewing with a woman when she said, â€Å"You do a girl tolerable poor, but you might fool men, maybe. Bless you, child, when you set out to thread a needle don’t hold the thread still and fetch the needle up to it; hole the needle still and poke the thread at it; that’s the way a woman most always does, but a man always does t’other way.† (57,58). By saying this,Show MoreRelatedWhat It Means For The American Identity2100 Words   |  9 Pagesthe pursuit of happiness†. By the given nat ure of education, the next focus for the fundamentals in the American Identity is opportunity. The established rules of equality were gender and race based. With the pursuit of education came equality. Susan B. Anthony and Mark Twain can be seen as historical figures to equality. Equality between the sexes and between races is vital for a society to be able to move forward and flourish. Throughout history, America has been through many tests. The recent trialRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagescentury)[18] Parzival, by Wolfram von Eschenbach (early 13th century) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (late 14th century) Lazarillo de Tormes (1554)[19] 17th century[edit] Simplicius Simplicissimus, by Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen (1668) The Adventures of Telemachus, by Franà §ois Fà ©nelon (1699) 18th century[edit] The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, by Henry Fielding (1749)[20] Candide, by Voltaire (1759) The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, by Laurence Sterne (1759)[20] EmileRead MoreHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 PagesA quester b. A place to go c. A stated reason to go there d. Challenges and trials e. The real reason to go—always self-knowledge 2. Nice to Eat With You: Acts of Communion a. Whenever people eat or drink together, it’s communion b. Not usually religious c. An act of sharing and peace d. A failed meal carries negative connotations 3. Nice to Eat You: Acts of Vampires a. Literal Vampirism: Nasty old man, attractive but evil, violates a young woman, leaves his mark, takes her innocence b. Sexual implications—a

Race As A Social Construct - 1057 Words

Race as a social construct refers to a group that is socially and culturally defined on the basis of physical criteria. During European colonisation, Europeans came into contact with people from different areas of the world and after speculating the physical, cultural and social differences between the groups; these groups were placed in races. By defining racial classifications, racism ensues. Racism is discriminating, exerting prejudice and or power over a group or individual based on the belief that an individual’s group is superior to another. Shadism is dependant upon the existence of Racism. Shadism refers to the amount of melanin in a person’s skin, which is used to define a persons’ worth within that racial category. Shadism and Racism are both a large part in Hollywood and the casting process. There has been a recent concentration online on institutional racism in Hollywood; social media movements have brought attention towards, the casting process and the lack of diversity at the Oscars. The persistent snubbing of people of colour (POC) in Hollywood is being recognised. However, has this changed the representation of POC in films? The upcoming biography, drama, Nina (2016) has been the centre of much controversy and has consequently, brought about conversations regarding shadism and blackface. In the trailer for the film, actress Zoe Saldana plays Nina alongside her onscreen personal assistant David Oyelowo. The trailer received a large amount of criticism dueShow MoreRelatedRace as a Social Construct646 Words   |  3 PagesRace as a social construct An imagined concept with real consequences The concept of race is fundamentally a social construct. It is based on a notion of difference, of ‘otherness’, ‘blackness’, ‘whiteness’, identity, nationalism and multiculturalism. ‘Race’ matters, as despite being biologically disputed, its social impact is immense. Despite being an unreal social construct, it is real in its consequences. It affects life prospects and influences health, wealth, status and power. As such, a criticalRead MoreRace As A Social Construct1566 Words   |  7 PagesRachel Marx PHL-137-01 Dr. Wolf March 17, 2017 Race as a Social Construct Charles W. Mills argues that even if there is no biological notion of race that can underwrite our social one, our social one still has some objectivity to it. He provides details for many hypothetical and real life instances in order to back up his argument. My view, along with Mills’, is that race is socially constructed, and has been socially constructed long before I even had an opinion on the topic. I will explore everyRead MoreRace As A Social Construct1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of race is an ancient construction through which a single society models all of mankind around the ideal man. This idealism evolved from prejudice and ignorance of another culture and the inability to view another human as equal. The establishment of race and racism can be seen from as early as the Middle Ages through the present. The social construction of racism and the feeling of superiority to people of other ethnicities, have been distinguishably present in European societies a sRead MoreRace as a Social Construct Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesRace as a Social Construct Omi and Winant’s discussion from â€Å"Racial Formations† are generally about race being a social construct and is also demonstrated in the viewing of Race - The power of an illusion. Omi and Winant have both agreed that race is socially constructed in society. Ultimately this means that race is seen differently in different societies and different cultures. Media, politics, school, economy and family helps alter society’s structure of race. In the viewing , also mediaRead MoreEssay on Race as a Social Construct1635 Words   |  7 PagesRacialization, to differentiate or categorize according to race, is still prominent in todays society. Race, a social construct, was created by society. There is no gene in the human body that defines what race you are, therefore, it is only an idea that individuals came up with. Yet, people in todays society still categorize individuals by their race and stereotype individuals by what race they most resemble. People grow into this society with the idea embedded into their heads that the whiterRead MoreInequality: Race And Racism. The Race Is A Social Construct1371 Words   |  6 PagesInequality: Race and Racism The race is a social construct that has real life consequences. The race is a fiction created by the dominant part of the society in order to legitimize their supremacy on those they wish to regulate. Racism: a term that was first coined by the Nazis in the 1930s in their attempt to make Germany clean of Jews . The race is a social construct that has both biological and cultural aspects but not based on scientific truths. The origin of the racial differences can be trackedRead MoreRace Is A Biological Reality Or A Social Construct?1566 Words   |  7 PagesI used to think that race was a social construct more of a biological reality until I read all these articles. They changed my perspective and I have come to realize different things. My opinion is now divided into two; I am in that middle point where I can see both ways of the argument as valid and reasonable and agree with both. First, I will explain why I think it is a biological reality, then, I will explain why it can also be a social construct, and lastly how have these debates shaped the viewsRead MoreSocial Construction Of Race And Gender1529 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Construction of Race and Gender, Patriarchy and Prejudice and Discrimination in the Society Social construct may be defined as the social mechanism or a category which has been created by the society. It may either be a perception which is created by an individual or an idea which is constructed as a result of the culture. The present society has created a large number of constructs which are not good. In this paper, the discussion will be done on the social construction of raceRead MoreDebating Sex and Gender and After Identity1486 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstrate how sex, gender, and race are all social constructs. Do you agree or disagree with her argument, and why? Concepts of sex, gender and race in English language have undergone uncountable naturalization and universalities, to a point that they are now considered to have always been present. There are numerous arguments that revolve around the three concepts of human diversity. Dr. Warnke for example argues that the three concepts above are social constructs (Warnke 153). This paper isRead MoreDebating Sex and Gender and After Identity1479 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstrate how sex, gender, and race are all social constructs. Do you agree or disagree with her argument, and why? Concepts of sex, gender and race in English language have undergone uncountable naturalization and universalities, to a point that they are now considered to have always been present. There are numerous arguments that revolve around the three concepts of human diversity. Dr. Warnke for example argues that the three concepts above are social constructs (Warnke 153). This paper is

Sexism in Television Commercials free essay sample

They also deliberately encourage insulting notions of women as stupid, incapable of understanding basic concepts and de facto having no part in the worlds biggest porting event simply because of their sex (Perera). This is an example of the sexist attitudes towards women. Why must women be oblivious to sports Just because theyre female? Many advertising companies dont think how theyre campaigns will effect, but only that it causes attention. Personal hygiene products such as Axe use half naked men and women to advertise. For example then men use the spray and women chase and tackle them like animals. No human being should be portrayed as an animal. And the men in he commercials really show that males should look a certain way in order for women to be attracted to them. Everyone is different and has their own sense of style so these commercials are really downing individuality. We will write a custom essay sample on Sexism in Television Commercials or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Timi Ross Poeppelman, California State University, Sacramento instructor, says They are degrading to both sexes. Its interesting how accepting we are ofa female being objectified as a sex object. If you reversed that and had men acting like [Axe] women do, people would say its horrible. But, some people see it as a Joke and laugh it off. Thats the thing about this advertising campaign: The ads can offend and entertain in equal measures (McManis). Though on the outside looking in, we would think something would be done about it. Many of the commercials we see for home improvement products have the routine stay-at-home mom trying to figure out a way to make her Job easier. These include Glade, Scrubbing Bubbles, Clorox, and Swiffer. The list could go on. In these commercials, the women are seen in the old fashioned way of theyre only good nough to clean and take care of kids. What about fathers who stay at home? Or the working single mother or father who have the same responsibilities and more? These commercials fail to show the reality of everyday life. No men are shown with these responsibilities, making it seem as if they are incapable of such tedious duties. Watching a football game, we can usually find an attractive young lady being swept off her feet by a less attractive man after he opens his beer of choice. Or, if were

Animal Farm Essay Complete

Animal Farm Essay Complete Animal Farm Essay Complete ‘A knowledge of the Russian Revolution is needed to truly understand Animal Farm.’ To what extent do you agree? George Orwell’s Animal Farm – published in 1945 – is a satirical allegory on the Russian Revolution. Orwell explained in his preface that the novel was his method of, â€Å"exposing the Soviet myth,† which generated a great amount of controversy at the time. He states this piece was intended to clear all misconceptions of the Soviet ideals of ‘everyone being equal’ and exploited all its flaws. The characters play major roles in retelling the Russian Revolution, with the plot’s events strongly resembling the historical timeline. Animal Farm can also be read as a fable, with only the less obscure morals within being conceived. For such reasons, the novel can be read without background knowledge; however a brief understanding of the Russian Revolution is necessary to unveil the deeper allegorical elements Orwell is portraying to the readers. Orwell utilises his characters to recreate the Russian Revolution and imitate the prominent figures and classes of society involved. In the opening, Old Major is introduced as the leader of the farm animals, to symbolise the likes of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, who were both significant in establishing the foundations of communism. Old Major organises a gathering for the animals to share knowledge of a dream in which he comes to the realisation that â€Å"Man is the only creature that consumes without producing†¦ yet he is lord of all the animals† and they must rebalance the inequalities placed upon them through â€Å"work night and day†¦ for the overthrow of the human race†. This speech was heavily based upon Marx’s The Communist Manifesto and Old Major was used to captured the same essence of it, essentially exposing the flaws of capitalism and a rebellion must occur of a â€Å"dictatorship of the proletariat† to counter this. A hierarchy is created in the animals to symbolise the different ‘classes’ of the time. The animals are categorised in order of significance through a hierarchy as they congregate at Old Major’s meeting. The more influential animals are introduced with more complexity, as â€Å"first came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pig† and the level of detail gradually decreases through the progression of the characters until it is merely â€Å"last of all came the cat† which does not bother to specify detail, thus drawing more attention toward the aforementioned animal’s influential presence over their peers. The pigs use the dogs to reinforce their reign over the other animals and abuse their power, similar to Stalin’s control of the KGB to do his bidding. Napoleon takes on the responsibility to â€Å"wean† the dogs and â€Å"make himself responsible for their education,† which ultimately leads to their transformatio n into â€Å"huge dogs†¦ as fierce-looking as wolves†; mindless murderers on Napoleons command, and a representation of Stalin’s abuse of power over the KGB to assassinate and execute anybody who opposed his leadership. Each individual character is a representation in itself to convey messages of their purpose in the society and acts as a summary of the complex, more expansive back story of the Russian Revolution. Many of the plot elements follow the events of the Russian Revolution to explore the manipulation that occurred. After Snowball is accused of betrayal, Napoleon then places him in exile, akin to the happenings of the Russian Revolution. Napoleon appears to be against Snowball’s ideas of â€Å"the pigs†¦ should decide all questions of farm policy,† as long as it were â€Å"ratified by a majority vote,† and sends â€Å"nine enormous dogs†¦ into the barn† to attack Snowball who â€Å"sprang†¦ just in time to escape.† This mirrors Trotsky’s exile as he began to criticise Stalin’s Communist Party, in this case depicted through his straying away and leaning toward democracy, which lead to his removal from the Communist party and exile from Russia. The Battle of the Cowshed represents

Isaac Kolevski Essays - Karen McCarthy Brown, Religious Studies

Isaac Kolevski Essays - Karen McCarthy Brown, Religious Studies Isaac Kolevski RLGN 201 Professor Howe 11/21 /16 Reflection 5 Vodou locates fault not inside persons (which by rendering them evil exposes them to harsh moral proselytism if not persecution or destruction for their own good) but in relationships between persons in the social field. As a healing medium, vodou seeks to dissolve whatever is holding people in hostile and antagonistic relations. It may be quite extreme in this work on unblocking, heating up the contradictions, conflicts, and inconsistencies within a person or in the social setting - disorienting, shocking at times - in order to create a liberating and revealing excitement. In Brown's account, vodou is the paradigmatic idiom by which a poor, politically oppressed, economically marginalized people live their lives with grace, dignity, and compassion in the spaces between the absolutes composed by intellectuals of more politically powerful and materially comfortable regimes. (Orsi,196) In this passage , Orsi is detailing a method of ethical evaluation and the study of causal relationships between ethics and social factors. Vodou is a Hattian method of healing and understanding that emphasizes aspects of humans and the individual person's relationship to society as being unique and diverse. Orsi applies this thinking as well as deductions about this religion by an anthropologist named Karen McCarthy Brown to discuss a different approach to religious study and thought than what much of America participates in. This alternative that he proposes does not demonize an individual that has transgressed or offended society, but focuses on the relations that individual has with society; economically, politically and intellectually. Through this method of study the offender is not torn apart or cast as an outlier by the public, but rather looks at how environmental factors led to the transgression that this individual committed. Taking on a vodou frame of thought, one would realize that the offenders are generally marginalized, alienated or feeling powerless in their life that is dominated by a group they are not a part of. This alienation fuels actions by individuals that can seem heinous or unable to be understood by the general public. Orsi wants to identify cause and effect relationships in these actions and how systematic oppression, religious contradictions and other points of conflict an individual will experience. This passage relates to a struggle of limiting bias and blame in religious study while still pursuing accurate understanding of faith and human action. This is a method that has not necessarily been addressed in class before. Orsi like other thinkers, does not want the "bad" in religion to be written off or covered up in religious study, but the sociological approach Orsi takes is somewhat different than other thinkers. Looking at religion as a way to cope with unfairness in life would fit this school of thought well. Fringe thinkers and extremists fit into this well as those who take action to regain their "fairness" or power that society has deprived them of. Extremists can exploit discontent in other people to build a following and structure followers' thoughts into a state where radical actions are likely to take place. In religious studies, specifically fringe or cult religion, the way of thinking that Orsi and Brown put forth seems to be a beneficial tool t o promote clarity .

Wal-Mart analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wal-Mart analysis - Research Paper Example The paper describes the Wal-Mart company in general. This company is also the largest grocery retailer in United States and deals with diverse ranges of product lines. Wal-Mart mainly operates in 17 different countries. It is identified that both US and UK follow a free market approach that does not impose any regulation on business expansion. According to this concept, the government has only a distant role in market regulation. In contrast, China has adopted a more restrictive approach so as to preserve the interests of its traditional traders. Although, China possesses world’s largest potential market, the strict market regulations adversely affect Wal-Mart’s business interests. As compared to Chinese market, Indian market covers the features of both capitalism and a socialistic market economy. This mixed market system provides equal power to industrialists and government over the market. Like in the case of US and UK, Japan maintains a free market system so as to en courage national as well as international traders. Japan’s industrialized economy is the third largest in the world. According to Daniels, Radebaugh, Sullivan, and Salwan, different nations follow different market systems and regulations. This varied market structures raise many challenges to Wal-Mart Stores because the organization is forced to restructure its marketing policies in accordance with the trade laws of the nations in which it operates. The sources of political risk for the countries in which the Wal-Mart has its presence vary. For instance, the organization operates in Pakistan where political conflicts and terrorism are at its peak. Such a political atmosphere is not beneficial for a multinational company like Wal-Mart because the political instability would seriously impinge on the firm’s marketing operations. Similarly, China is a communist country that strongly opposes capitalistic ideologies. Under this situation, the Wal-Mart cannot function effecti vely in China since the communist perceptions of Chinese government does not fit with the capitalistic interests of the organization. In this way, the Wal-Mart may face different political threats from its various foreign markets. Therefore, it is recommendable for the company to select foreign market segments carefully while dealing with international expansion. The above said political constraints prevent the organization from developing its product lines and business strategies in the target country. 4. Many groups of individuals possess shares in Wal-Mart and these stakeholders can be mainly categorized under two heads such as market and non-market stakeholders. A market stakeholder has an economic stake in what the company does; whereas a non-market stakeholder possesses a political stake. It is obvious that market stakeholders always aim at their economic benefits. Since both these groups contribute to the operational requirements of the company, Wal-Mart’s stakeholders must get benefits that are adequate to cover the risk elements they have taken. In the view of Brigham and Ehrhardt (2011, p.572), since investment opportunities and earnings of an international company vary from year to year, it will have to make great efforts to maintain stable dividend distribution. Hence, the shareholder satisfaction is a

Rader, Cossman & Porter (2012) Fear of crime and vulnerability Essay

Rader, Cossman & Porter (2012) Fear of crime and vulnerability - Essay Example Such physical vulnerabilities include gender, health, and age, while social vulnerabilities are the social economic status of such people and their race. The research held that both the physical and social vulnerabilities characteristics are interdependent causes of fear among people. The direct effects of such social vulnerabilities are tied to physical indicators of vulnerability, though occurrence of indirect effects of physical vulnerabilities are tied to fear of victimization through some indicators of social vulnerabilities. Nahavanna (2006) explains ethical considerations as an important aspect in any quantitative research design, which includes respecting the rights of the participants, and the individual consent by the respondents. The benefits of participation as addressed by the authors would be to learn how people from different races, gender, and age distribution would react to fear of crime, leading to an informed basis on which nursing psychology has to be applied whil e dealing with such vulnerable groups. Since the authors used data sets prepared from a previous research, risk benefits, and informed consent were not of much significance in this research. The board approval was obtained. In this case, the Panel Study on American Religion and Ethnicity (PS-ARE), who carried out the primary survey, authorized the use of the survey results to analyze data collected on statistics that would best describe the trend of both physical and social vulnerabilities in fear of crimes. Therefore, the researchers did not require any consent from the respondents, but required authority of the primary body that handled the research. Since the primary survey was carried out by a religious body alongside additional data from US Census Bureau, it would be expected that respondents participated in the research willingly. In this research, the dependent variable was well identified as the proxy for fear of crime, which is reflective of the level of safety the individu als felt in their respective neighborhoods. On the other hand, the independent variables were indicated as the social and physical vulnerabilities of such groups in their neighborhood. Data collection in this research was from analysis of the survey indicated above. The responses were classified into five distinct categories, depending on answers from respondents to the question whether they felt unsafe in their neighborhoods. â€Å"Never† was associated with 1, while â€Å"at least once a day† was rated 5. On the other hand, in physical vulnerabilities, gender (female = 1), while fair or poor health was designated by 1. Other classifying categories included level of education, and income, which were recorded in 19 categories ranging from $200,000, and marital status as married or cohabiting indicated by 1, else =0. The rationale behind this classification was to define the respondents into refined groups as precisely as possible. Therefore, the respondents’ cha racteristics were the social and physical vulnerability. The time taken for the actual survey was not recorded, nor was the time taken to analyze the survey and classify the data in this research. From the primary survey, data collection involved classifying areas into a three digit zip code, and then for each three digit area, another set of two five digit zip codes were randomly formed, leading to about 90 addresses, which were selected randomly and households screened for eligibility. Therefore, in this research, the data collected from the above defined primary research was analyzed for the physical and social vulnerability factors, and the data analyzed quantitatively. Data management

Tolnaftate Drug Profile:

Tolnaftate Drug Profile: Trade Names: Tinactin Synonym: Tolnaftato, Tolnaftatum Structure: Fig: Structure of Tolnaftate Chemical Name: 0-2- naphthyl methyl (3- methyl phenyl thiocarbamate) Description: Tolnaftate is a synthetic thiocarbamate used as an anti- fungal agent that may be sold without medical prescription in most jurisdictions. It may come as a cream, powder, spray, or liquid aerosol, and is used to treat fungal conditions such as jock itch, athletes foot and ringworm. It is sold under several brand names in including Tinactin, odor Eaters, Absorbine, Aftate, Ting (85) . Molecular Weight: 307.41 g/mol Mechanism of Action: Tolnaftate is a topical fungicide. Though its exact mechanism unknown, it is believed to prevent Ergosterol biosynthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase (86) . It has also been reported to distort the hyphae and to stunt mycelia growth in susceptible organisms (87) . Melting Point: 110- 111.50C (230- 2330F) Pharmacological Action: Tolnaftate, a pharmacologically inert new fungicide for topical treatment of superficial mycoses, has been reported to be highly effective in skin infections caused by common pathogenic fungi as well as being non- irritating and non- sensitizing. It is a fungicidal invitro. During clinical investigation, studies showed no changes in the blood and urine of patients given tolnaftate topically, suggesting that the drug is not toxic to the kidney or the hematopoietic system. Distorts hyphae and inhibits mycelia growth in susceptible fungi. The anti- dermatophyte agent to tolnaftate was compared with the allylamine anti-fungal compounds naftifine and terbinafine. Tolnaftate was shown to inhibit sterol biosynthesis at the level squalene epoxidation and squalene was shown to accumulate in dermatophytes grown in its presence. Biochemical studies in whole and broken cells supported this conclusion and showed that the compound was active against squalene epoxidation in broken candida albicans cells, but was mwch less potent against whole cells. These results suggested there was a barrier to penetration in these yeasts (88) . Side Effects: Irritation Pruritus Contact dermatitis Onset: 24- 72 Hours Dosage: Topical/ cutaneous: Superficial dermatophyte infections, pityriasis versicolor. Adult: Apply a 1% gel / solution /powder /cream bid for 2-6 weeks; repeat if necessary. Continue treatment for 2 weeks after disappearance of all symptoms to prevent recurrence of infection. Storage: Topical/Cutaneous: Store at 15-300C TOLNAFTATE DRUG PROFILE: Trade Names: Tinactin Synonym: Tolnaftato, Tolnaftatum Structure: Fig: Structure of Tolnaftate Chemical Name: 0-2- naphthyl methyl (3- methyl phenyl thiocarbamate) Description: Tolnaftate is a synthetic thiocarbamate used as an anti- fungal agent that may be sold without medical prescription in most jurisdictions. It may come as a cream, powder, spray, or liquid aerosol, and is used to treat fungal conditions such as jock itch, athletes foot and ringworm. It is sold under several brand names in including Tinactin, odor Eaters, Absorbine, Aftate, Ting (85) . Molecular Weight: 307.41 g/mol Mechanism of Action: Tolnaftate is a topical fungicide. Though its exact mechanism unknown, it is believed to prevent Ergosterol biosynthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase (86) . It has also been reported to distort the hyphae and to stunt mycelia growth in susceptible organisms (87) . Melting Point: 110- 111.50C (230- 2330F) Pharmacological Action: Tolnaftate, a pharmacologically inert new fungicide for topical treatment of superficial mycoses, has been reported to be highly effective in skin infections caused by common pathogenic fungi as well as being non- irritating and non- sensitizing. It is a fungicidal invitro. During clinical investigation, studies showed no changes in the blood and urine of patients given tolnaftate topically, suggesting that the drug is not toxic to the kidney or the hematopoietic system. Distorts hyphae and inhibits mycelia growth in susceptible fungi. The anti- dermatophyte agent to tolnaftate was compared with the allylamine anti-fungal compounds naftifine and terbinafine. Tolnaftate was shown to inhibit sterol biosynthesis at the level squalene epoxidation and squalene was shown to accumulate in dermatophytes grown in its presence. Biochemical studies in whole and broken cells supported this conclusion and showed that the compound was active against squalene epoxidation in broken candida albicans cells, but was mwch less potent against whole cells. These results suggested there was a barrier to penetration in these yeasts (88) . Side Effects: 1.Irritation 2.Pruritus 3.Contact dermatitis Onset: 24- 72 Hours Dosage: Topical/ cutaneous: Superficial dermatophyte infections, pityriasis versicolor. Adult: Apply a 1% gel / solution /powder /cream bid for 2-6 weeks; repeat if necessary. Continue treatment for 2 weeks after disappearance of all symptoms to prevent recurrence of infection. Storage: Topical/Cutaneous: Store at 15-300C 3.2.1 LECITHIN Synonyms Pc; kelecin; LECITHIN; Alcolec-S; granulestin; L-Lecithin; LIPOID(R)E80; Lecithin, NF; Phospholutein; E322; egg lecithin; LSC 5050; LSC 6040; mixed soybean phoaphatides; ovolecithin; Phosal 53 MCT; Phospholipon 100 H; Prokote LSC; soybean lecithin; soybean phospholipids; Sternpur; vegetable lecithin (89) . Structure Where red – choline and phosphate group; black glycerol; green-unsaturated fatty acid; Blue saturated fatty acid. Chemical name 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine Molecular weight 789 g/mol Description Lecithin occurs light yellow to dark brown, transparent or translucent, viscous liquid substance, as white to brown powder or granules, or as a light yellow to dark brown lump, having a slight, characteristic odour and taste. Identification: (1) Place 1 g of lecithin into a kjeldahl flask, add 5 gm of powdered potassium sulphate and 0.5 gm of cupric sulfate, and 20 ml of sulfuric acid. Tilt the flask at about 45ËÅ ¡C angle, heat gently until the effervesense , and raise the temperature to boiling. After the contents become blue, transparent solution, heat for 1-2 hours, cool and add an equal volume of water. Take 5 ml of this solution, and add 10 ml of ammonium molybdate solution (1 → 5), and heat. A yellow precipitate is formed. (2) To 0.5 g of lecithin, add 5 ml of diluted hydrochloric acid(1→2), heat in a water bath for 2 hours and filter. Use this solution is considered as a test solution. Perform paper chromatography with 10 Â µl of the test solution, using choline chloride solution (1 →200) as the control solution and a mixture of n-butanol, water, and acetic acid (4:2:1) as the developing solvent. A red orange spot is obtained from the control solution is observed. In pap er chromatography for the filter paper, use a No. 2 filter paper. Stop the development when the developing solvent rises about 25 cm, air-dry, spray with Dragendorffs reagent to develop a colour, and observe in daylight (90) . Solubility Insoluble in cold water and also acetone. Soluble in about 12 parts of absolute alcohol. Soluble in chloroform, petroleum ether, mineral oil and fatty acids. Sparingly soluble in benzene. Insoluble in cold vegetable oils and animal oils (91) . Viscosity Viscosity of lecithin is directly influenced by heat. Lower temperature equals higher viscosity and vise versa. The influence of temperature on lecithin viscosity is curvilinear, meaning that at low temperatures, a small increase in heat causes a elatively larger decrease in viscosity. For example, a lecithin with a viscosity of 10,000 centipoise at 24 0C, might have a viscosity of 5000 centipoise at 350C. An increase in temperature to 460C might lower the viscosity to 3000 centipoise and further increase to 570C would reduce viscosity to 2250 centipoise. Mixing oil, such as soybean oil or fish oil, with the lecithin at a rate of 20 % oil and 80 % lecithin as a similar influence on viscosity as raising temperature by 110C. In other words, a standard fluid lecithin with 10,000 centipoise viscosity when mixed with 20 % soybean oil would have an approximate viscosity of 5000 centipoise (92) TYPICAL PROPERTIES Acidity/alkalinity pH = 5.5–8.0 for a 1 % w/w aqueous solution Ash 1.5–3.0 %, depending upon the grade and viscosity Auto ignition temperature 360Â ºC Density (bulk) 0.341 g/cm3 Density (tapped) 0.557 g/cm3 Density (true) 1.326 g/cm3 Specific gravity 1.26 Melting point Browns at 190–200 Â ºC. Chars at 225–230 Â ºC. Glass transition temperature is 170–180 Â ºC. Iodine number 95-100 for liquid lecithin. 82-88 for powdered lecithin. Saponification number 196 Functional Category Lecithin is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues, and in egg yolk. It is naturally composed of phosphoric acid, choline, fatty acids, glycerol, glycolipids, triglycerides, and phospholipids. It is often used as an emulsifying agent.Available in variety of forms including granules, soft gels and chewable tablets. Applications: Lecithins are used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical applications. They are also used in cosmetics and food products. Lecithins are mainly used in pharmaceutical products as dispersing, emulsifying, and stabilizing agents, and are included in intramuscular and intravenous injections, parenteral nutrition formulations, and topical products such as creams and ointments. Lecithins are also used in suppository bases to reduce the brittleness of suppositories, and have been investigated for their absorption-enhancing properties in an intranasal insulin formulation. Lecithins are also commonly used as a component of enteral and parenteral nutrition formulations. There is evidence that phosphatidylcholine (a major component of lecithin) is important as a nutritional supplement to fetal and infant development. Furthermore, choline is a required component of FDA-approved infant formulas. Other studies have indicated that lecithin can protect against alcohol cirrhosis of the liver, lower serum cholesterol levels, and improve mental and physical performance. Liposomes in which lecithin is included as a component of the bilayer have been used to encapsulate drug substances; their potential as novel delivery systems has been investigated.This application generally requires purified lecithins combined in specific proportions. Therapeutically, lecithin and derivatives have been used as a pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.mnb Stability and storage conditions: Lecithins decompose at extreme pH. They are also hygroscopic and subject to microbial degradation. When heated, lecithins oxidize, darken, and decompose. Temperatures of 160–1808C will cause degradation within 24 hours. Fluid or waxy lecithin grades should be stored at room temperature or above; temperatures below 108C may cause separation. All lecithin grades should be stored in well-closed containers protected from light and oxidation. Purified solid lecithins should be stored in tightly closed containers at subfreezing temperatures Incompatibilities Incompatible with esterases owing to hydrolysis. Safety Lecithin is a component of cell membranes and is therefore consumed as a normal part of the diet. Although excessive consumption may be harmful, it is highly biocompatible and oral doses of up to 80 g daily have been used therapeutically in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.(8) When used in topical formulations,lecithin is generally regarded as a nonirritant and nonsensitizing material.(2) The Cosmetic Ingredients Review Expert Panel (CIR) has reviewed lecithin and issued a tentative report revising the safe concentration of the material from 1.95% to 15.0% in rinse-off and leave-in products. They note, however, that there are insufficient data to rule on products that are likely to be inhaled Handling precautions Lecithins may be irritant to the eyes; eye protection and gloves are recommended. Regulatory status: GRAS listed (Generally Recognized as Safe). Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (inhalations; IM and IV injections; otic preparations; oral capsules, suspensions and tablets; rectal, topical, and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 3.2.2 SPAN80 Nonproprietary Names Sorbitan monooleate Synonyms Ablunol S-80; Arlacel 80; Armotan MO; Capmul O; Crill 4; Crill 50; Dehymuls SMO; Drewmulse SMO; Drewsorb 80K; E494; Glycomul O; Hodag SMO; Lamesorb SMO; Liposorb O; Montane 80; Nikkol SO-10; Nissan Nonion OP-80R; Norfox Sorbo S-80; Polycon S80 K; Proto-sorb SMO; Protachem SMO; S-Maz 80K; Sorbester P17; Sorbirol O; sorbitan oleate; Sorgen 40; Sorgon S-40- H; Span 80; Tego SMO. Structure Chemical name C24H44O6 (Z)-Sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate Molecular weight : 429 g/mol Description Span80 occur as Yellow viscous liquid with a distinctive odour and taste. Solubility: Sorbitan esters are generally soluble or dispersible in oils; they are also soluble in most organic solvents. In water, although insoluble, they are generally dispersible. Viscosity Typical viscosity values for span80 1200-2000 mPa.s measured at 20Â ºC Typical properties HLB value : 4.3 Density : 1.01g/cm3 Saponification value : 149-160 Functional category: Emulsifying agent, non ionic surfactant, solubilizing agent, wetting, dispersing and suspending agent. Applications A non-ionic surfactant that can be used to form oil-in-water emulsions and in combination with low HLB surfactants can form water-in-oil emulsions. EPA approved oil spill dispersant. Sorbitan monoesters are a series of mixtures of partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides with fatty acids. Sorbitan diesters are a series of mixtures of partial esters of sorbitol and its monoanhydride with fatty acids. Sorbitan esters are widely used in cosmetics, food products, and pharmaceutical formulations as lipophilic nonionic surfactants. They are mainly used in pharmaceutical formulations as emulsifying agents in the preparation of creams, emulsions, and ointments for topical application. When used alone, sorbitan esters produce stable water-in-oil emulsions and microemulsions but are frequently used in combination with varying proportions of a polysorbate to produce water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions or creams of varying consistencies. Sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate and sorbitan trioleate have also been used at concentrations of 0.01–0.05% w/v in the preparation of an emulsion for intramuscular administration. Stability and storage conditions: Gradual soap formation occurs with strong acids or bases. Sorbitan esters are stable in weak acids or bases. Sorbitan esters should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place. Safety Sorbitan esters are widely used in cosmetics, food products, and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations and are generally regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant materials. However, there have been occasional reports of hypersensitive skin reactions following the topical application of products containing sorbitan esters. When heated to decomposition, the sorbitan esters emit acrid smoke and irritating fumes. The WHO has set an estimated acceptable daily intake of sorbitan monopalmitate, monostearate and tristearate and of sorbitan monolaurate and monooleate at up to 25 mg/kg body-weight calculated as total sorbitan esters. Regulatory status Certain sorbitan esters are accepted as food additives in the UK. Sorbitan esters are included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (inhalations; IM injections; ophthalmic, oral, topical and vaginal preparations). Sorbitan esters are used in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Sorbitan esters are included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 3.2.3 TWEEN 80: Non-proprietary names: Polysorbate 80 Synonyms: Atlas E; Armotan PMO 20; Capmul POE-O; Cremophor PS 80; Crillet 4; Crillet 50; Drewmulse POE-SMO; Drewpone 80K; Durfax 80; Durfax 80K; E433; Emrite 6120; Emulgin SMO; Glycospere O-20; Hodag PSMO-20; Liposorb O-20; Liposorb O-20K; Montanox 80; Polyoxyethylene 20 oleate; Protasorb o- 20; Ritabate 80;(Z)-sorbitan mono -9-octadecenoate poly(oxy1,2- ethanediyl) derivatives; Tego SMO 80; Tego SMO 80V; Tween 80. Structural formula Chemical name Polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate Empirical formula C64H124026 Molecular weight M.W: 1310 Functional category: It acts as an Emulsifying agent; nonionic surfactant; solubilizing agent; wetting agent and also dispersing/suspending agent Description: It is colorless to light yellowish viscous liquid. Typical Properties: HLB value: 15 Density: 1.08 g/ml at 20 ËÅ ¡c Saponification value: 45-55 P H 5% aq solution : 5.5-7.5 Specific gravity (20/20ËÅ ¡c) : 1.065-1.095 Moisture content: Moisture content not more than 3% Solubility: Soluble in water and also soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in mineral oils. Viscosity (dynamic): The viscosity of tween 80 is 300-500 centi stokes at 25ËÅ ¡c Applications of tween80 in pharmaceutical formulation or technology: Polyoxyethylene sorbiton fatty acid esters (polysorbates) are a series of partial fatty acid esters of sorbitol and its anhydrides copolymerized with approximately 20, 5 or 4 moles of ethylene oxide per each mole of sorbitol and also sorbitol anhydrides. The resulting product is therefore a mixture of molecules of varying sizes rather than in single uniform compound. Polysorbates containing 20 units of oxy ethylene are hydrophilic nonionic surfactants that are used widely as emulsifying agent in the preparation of stable oil-in-water pharmaceutical emulsions. They may also be used as solubilizing agent for a variety of substances including essential oils and also other oils like oils are soluble vitamins, and teen 80 as a wetting agent in the formulation of oral and parenteral suspensions. They also have been useful in improving the oral bioavailability of drug molecule that are substrates for P-glycoprotein. Polysorbates are also used in cosmetics and also food products. Stability and storage conditions: Polysorbates are stable to electrolytes and week acids and bases; gradual saponification occurs with strong acids and strong bases. This type of oleic acid esters are sensitive to oxidation. Polysorbates are hygroscopic and should be examined necessary for water content before to use and dried if necessary. Prolonged storage of tween 80 along with other polyoxyethylene surfactants can leads to the formation of peroxides. Polysorbates should be stored in a well closed containers, protected from the light, in a cool and dry place. Incompatabilities: Discoloration and /or precipitation occur with various substances especially phenols, tannins, tars, tar like materials.The anti microbial activity of paraben preservatives is reduced in the presense of polysorbates. Regulatory status: Polysorbate60, 65and 80 are GRAS listed. Polysorbates 20, 40, 60, 65and 80 are accepted as food additives in Europe. Polysorbates 20, 40, 60, 65and 80 are included in the FDA inactive ingredients guide (IM,IV,oral,rectal,topical and vaginal preparations). Polysorbates are included in parenteral and non parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Polysorbate such as 20, 21, 40, 60, 61, 65, 80, 81, 85 and 120 are included in the Canadian list of acceptable non medicinal ingredient.

Price of Gasoline :: essays research papers

ANALYZING THE PRICE OF GASOLINE The assignment this week presents a problem where the American Automobile Association (AA) generates a report on gasoline prices that it distributes to newspapers throughout the state. It further states that on February 18, 1999, the AAA called a random sample of fifty-one stations to determine that day’s price of unleaded gasoline. The following data (in dollars) was given in this report: Table 1 - Prices of Unleaded Gasoline at 51 Stations 1.07  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.31  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.18  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.01  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.09  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.29  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.16  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.08 0.96  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.66  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.21  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.09  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.02  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.04  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.01  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.09  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.11 1.11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.17  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.04  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.09  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.05  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.96  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.32  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.09  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.26  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.11 1.03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.20  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.21  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.05  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.04  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.97  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.21  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.07  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.17 0.98  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.04  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.18  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.09 1.06  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Create a data array with the gasoline price data A data array is defined as â€Å"data that have been sorted in ascending or descending order† (Shannon, Groebner, Fry, & Smith, 2002, 72). The following section presents the data presented in Table 1 as a data array. Data Array 0.96, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 1.01, 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, 1.03, 1.03, 1.03, 1.04, 1.04, 1.04, 1.04, 1.05, 1.05, 1.06, 1.07, 1.07, 1.08, 1.09, 1.09, 1.09, 1.09, 1.09, 1.09, 1.10, 1.10, 1.10, 1.10, 1.11, 1.11, 1.11, 1.11, 1.12, 1.16, 1.17, 1.17, 1.18, 1.18, 1.20, 1.21, 1.21, 1.21, 1.23, 1.26, 1.29, 1.31, 1.32, 1.66 Data Analysis Given the data presented in the previous sections, the next few sections use two histograms to estimate the number of prices that are at least $1.15. The first histogram presents the data using five classes and the second uses fifteen. Histogram #1 Data Used in Histogram #1 (5 classes) Range  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.70  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   # of Classes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Class Width  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.1400  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bin #  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Relative Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cumulative Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cumulative Relative Frequency 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.9600 < 1.1000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.53  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.53 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.1000 < 1.2400  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  19  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.37  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  46  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.90 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2400 < 1.3800  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.08  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.3800 < 1.5200  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5200 < 1.6601  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.02  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  51  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.00 Histogram #1 (using 5 Classes) Estimate of the Number of Prices that are at least $1.15 Using the histogram presented in the previous section, the estimate of the number of prices that are at least $1.15 is five. This is because the only values that can be counted fall into bins three, four, and five. Even though bin two may contain values that are above the $1.15 threshold, they can not be counted as they are not guaranteed to be above the stated value. Therefore the formula for the estimate is: Estimate = B3 + B4 + B5, where B3=4, B4=0 and B5=1. Histogram #2 Data Used in Histogram #2 (15 classes) Range  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.70  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   # of Classes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Class Width  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.0467  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bin #  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Relative Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cumulative Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cumulative Relative Frequency 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.9600 < 1.0067  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.08  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.08 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.0067 < 1.0534  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  17  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.33 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.0534 < 1.1001  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.27  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  31  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.61 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.1001 < 1.1468  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  36  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.71 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.1468 < 1.1935  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  41  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.80 6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.1935 < 1.2402  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  46  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.90 7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2402 < 1.2869  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.02  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  47  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.92 8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2869 < 1.3336  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.06  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.3336 < 1.3803  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.3803 < 1.4270  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.4270 < 1.4737  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 12  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.4737 < 1.5204  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 13  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5204 < 1.5671  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5671 < 1.6138  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.98 15  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.6138 < 1.6601  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.02  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  51  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.00 Histogram #2 (using 15 Classes) Estimate of the Number of Prices that are at least $1.15 Using the histogram presented in the previous section, the estimate of the number of prices that are at least $1.

Five paragraph essay Essay

Essays begin with the prompt. Make sure students understand what the prompts are asking them to do. Students may be asked to analyze, assess, evaluate, compare, contrast, describe, discuss, and explain. Know the difference between these words. Additionally, prompts can be multi-tasking in that they ask the writer to perform several actions. Make sure students answer all parts of the prompt, or they may fail. All essays should have five paragraphs. The first should be a thesis paragraph. It need consist of only one sentence – a thesis statement. If students have any other sentence, an attention grabber similar to the headlines of a newspaper called a hook should precede their thesis. Students should not waste time and effort on long theses’ paragraphs. Students should come to the point – their thesis – immediately, and go on to prove their argument. All theses should include their argument with three methods or points they will use to prove their argument. For example, if the prompt asks about the Mongols, a superior thesis would be â€Å"The Mongols were efficient governors because of their political, economic, and social policies.† The first portion of the thesis, â€Å"The Mongols were efficient governors,† is a simple, acceptable thesis. At the bare minimum, all essays should include this type of thesis. The second part, â€Å"because of their political, economic, and social policies† turns a simple thesis into a clear, analytical, and comprehensive thesis. Better essays follow this second format. Read more:  How much sentences in a paragraph. The conclusion paragraph need only consist of one sentence. While a conclusion resembles a thesis, students should not copy or paraphrase the thesis. They should write a sentence that sums up what they have learned or proven in their essay. The other paragraphs form the body of the essay and are critical. Within three of the paragraphs, students prove their argument. Set up body paragraphs in an order parallel to the structure within the thesis sentence. Students should organize points from the strongest point to weakest point. Strength is based on the amount of evidence presented and the thoroughness of the argument. The weakest point should be last. Based on the above thesis, this means â€Å"political policies† should be the topic of the first body paragraph, while the second point will be â€Å"economic policies† and the last paragraph will cover â€Å"social policies.† The first sentence in the body paragraphs should expand upon the sub-point from the thesis. An example about the Mongols could be â€Å"Politically, the Mongols were tolerant governors, who insisted upon honesty, efficiency, and equality in their policies.† Within each paragraph, there should be two or three facts or pieces of historical support material. While grammar is important, the essay is a rough draft. It does not have to be perfect. Graders know that 50 minutes does not allow students much time to perfect grammar, syntax, and diction. While it is imperative that the essay be readable and intelligible, national graders will not deduct for grammatical mistakes. The Document-Based Question (DBQ) Document based essays are designed to test a student’s ability to use documents to support a historical argument. It corresponds roughly to writing a research paper and duplicates the work of historians, where the student is given the evidence and asked to write a paper – in one hour. And a DBQ essay may include compare and contrast, and/or change over time. The Document-Based Question consists of a prompt with between five and nine primary source documents. The question is not designed to test a student’s knowledge about world history, so much as the student’s ability to use documentary evidence to make and to support a written argument. Critical to this process are the concepts of bias (reliability) and use of all documents to support a thesis. The graders will grade by the following criteria. An acceptable thesis requires a simple thesis stating the point of argument, or what you will prove. An expanded thesis, which earns an additional point, requires a comprehensive thesis statement with point of argument and three ways you will prove it. Students need to use all or all but one of the documents in the essay. Use is defined as citing, quoting, paraphrasing, listing, summarizing, mentioning, analyzing, interpreting, or critiquing the documents in any way. Students must support the thesis with appropriate evidence from the documents. Students must analyze, interpret, and critique the documents. Quoting, listing, summarizing, citing, or mentioning a document does not qualify for this criterion! Students should support their thesis through the use of outside material not mentioned in their documents. If students know of facts and information relevant to the topic, which were not mentioned in the documents, they should include them. Students must understand the basic meaning of the documents cited in the essay. Students may misinterpret one document but two or more will cost one criterion point. Mistakes involving dates and names are not critical but misrepresenting a document can be fatal. Placing a document in a wrong group that leads to a wrong conclusion also counts as a misunderstanding. Analyze point of view or bias in three documents. The rubric says students need to analyze only two documents but this is too few. Students should do three or more. In order to earn this point, students should attribute and analyze point of view, bias, purpose or intent, tone, or audience in an attempt to determine reliability. Analysis of point of view also constitutes supporting the thesis with appropriate evidence from the documents and using the documents, too! One method of analysis (and use) is based on the acronym, S.O.A.P.P.S. Students must analyze documents by grouping them depending on the DBQ prompt. If the DBQ identifies groups in the prompt, students must use the mentioned groups. Students must have three groups. If the prompt only specifies two, students should create a third category. Once again, students must organize the evidence and arguments into three groups. These groups could be mentioned in the thesis statement. The better writers will create their own groups or categories based on the documents. Nevertheless, students might use the acronym P.E.R.S.I.A.N. or S.C.R.I.P.T.E.D. to help structure their thoughts. Evidence should fit into three of these categories. Other methods of grouping include organizing by gender, time, social class, occupation, geography, nationality, similar points of view, or religion. When grouping a document, each group must contain at least two documents. If possible, use three because it prevents a failed group if you misinterpret one document. Students will be asked to identify one additional type of document they could have used to support the essay prompt. One useful way to accomplish this is to identify a point of view or group missing from the discussion. For example, an essay on gender rights that does not include a woman’s point of view is weak. You should mention this failing. At the same time, if all of the documents in the same essay are by women, a man’s point of view might help balance the essay. Students should decide what is missing and mention what specific type of document or point of view might improve the essay. And they should ideally state how it would help the essay. They should place this sentence in whichever body paragraph will be most effective. This could also include bringing in outside information relevant to the topic. Other typically missing documents include charts, maps, or statistical information, social classes, and opposite points of view. Students will have 50 minutes to write their essays. They should use 10 minutes to read the documents and to structure or outline their essay. They should spend 30 minutes writing and 10 minutes reviewing what they have written. Student should make sure they have used all the documents, have three groups, and performed all activities they are required to do. They should especially check their prompt to see that they have addressed all parts required.

Design and Construction of The Titanic Essay - 1330 Words

11:35 p.m. the deadly iceberg was spotted. Margaret Brown was sitting is her bunk indulged in a book, when she was thrown across the room, off of her bed from the impact of the crash. The engine stopped at once but nothing dangerous had occurred, yet. At 12:00 a.m. there was serious flooding in the crew?s quarters. Many demanded lifesavers and there was much uproar. Putting on layers of clothing along with stuffing money into her pockets, Margaret Brown would be prepared. Margaret headed towards the lifeboats. Now the commotion was at an all time high. To keep the people calm, there was a band playing in the background. First class passengers had left money and jewels in the purser?s office, but it was locked due to the predicament. Some†¦show more content†¦The successful personnel started building the Titanic on March 31, 1909 and the construction advanced till the day of its voyage by May 1911. After its launch other fixtures were added, such as the restaurants, stateroom s, and cabins to lodge passengers. Inside, carpenters were busy fitting the elegant wood into the rooms (Adams 18). Survivor Violet Jessop remembers, ?Everything struck as wonderful about this new ship, Titanic? (Graham 117). The design was truly outstanding for that time period. The fitters and plumbers were fitting baths and plumbing pipes. First and second-class elevators were also being constructed. The Titanic had even external beauty with two state-of-the-art bronze propellers with the diameter at approximately 23 feet. The anchor alone weighed at 15.75 tons, which took 12 horses to move (Adams 19). Simon Adams, author of Titanic states, ?Down in the depths if the ship?s hull, 29 boilers, containing 159 furnaces, powered the engines. Together the furnaces consumed 660 tons of coal a day, and produced 46,000 horsepower, driving the ship at a top speed of about 23 knots? (Adams 12) or 26 miles per hour. Boilers in the Titanic weighed about 100 tons. The length was 882 feet and 9 2 feet wide, as wide as a four-lane highway. The Titanic was unmistakably huge. In fact, its nine decks made it as tall as an eleven-story building. The builders actually believed that if the ship were bigger it would make it even harder to sink. TheShow MoreRelatedTitanic : The Titanic Of Titanic1650 Words   |  7 Pages The Titanic: Dreams That Led to Disaster â€Å"The Titanic was the dream ship that no one ever thought could be destroyed.† The sinking of it was a horrible tragedy. The loss of lives was due to the design, the materials, and that the crew didn’t have updated technology. Maybe if they had more tools or less people, the Titanic wouldn’t have sunk (â€Å"Titanic: Flaws†). Is it true that the Titanic sunk because of an iceberg? History of the Titanic The Titanic was inspired by White Star’s competitor CunardRead MoreThe Sinking of the Titanic Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesThe story behind the titanic is controversial, some people have seen the movie but they do not know the real facts behind it. This essay is going to talk about the main factors behind the Titanic’s failure, the design, the manufacturer, materials, the crew, survivors, Cost of building the ship, the engine, as well as human errors, and the cause from different point of views. The ships captain was Edward Smith. The Titanic was built in Belfast, Northern Ireland on the spring of 1909, for transatlanticRead MoreThe Titanic Sinking Was Preposterous1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthe idea of the Titanic sinking was preposterous.†- Karl Behr, a passenger on the Titanic. To everyone who had been involved in the construction and designing of the Titanic she was truly unsinkable. After the completion of the Titanic, it was sent from Belfast to Southampton, England for its maiden voyage across the Atlantic. It set sail on April 10, 1912, with 2223 passengers (RMST) and 907 crew members (TT). Captain Edward J. Smith was the first and last man to steer the Titanic. He set the speedRead MoreThe Sinking Of The Titanic1744 Words   |  7 PagesStewart 8). In April of 1912, The RMS Titanic hit an iceberg and sank 12,000 feet to the ocean floor. This incident cost the lives of over 1,500 passengers and crew members, over half the total people that had been on board (â€Å"Sinking†). The Titanic was the largest ship ever built when it entered service, at 882 feet long, 92 feet wide, and 175 feet high, and was touted as unsinkable (Hall 19,38; Yasuda 5,7; Hopkinson 25; â€Å"World’s†; Stewart 8). 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